Creating a bedroom in the basement is a popular project among our clients — and it’s an excellent way to gain additional living space. However, before getting started, there is one essential standard to be aware of: the Egress Standard. It directly relates to your family’s safety in the event of an emergency, which is why we always discuss it when this type of project is being considered.
What You Need to Know
The Egress Standard applies to emergency exits in the event of a fire. It applies to all bedrooms (including those located in the basement) and requires that at least one window or door provide direct access to the exterior.
The standard does not apply if the room is equipped with a sprinkler system or if it has a door providing direct access to the exterior.
Requirements to Meet
Each bedroom must have at least one emergency exit window or door that:
- opens from the inside without a key, tools, or special knowledge;
- provides a clear opening that meets the minimum required dimensions;
- is easily accessible.
The opening mechanism and its operation must not hinder evacuation in the event of an emergency.
Opening Dimensions
The window opening must meet the following requirements, without removing the sashes:
- No dimension (width or height) may be less than 15 in. (38 cm).
- The clear opening area must be at least 543 sq. in. (3,500 cm²).
- The opening must maintain the required clear space in an open position during an emergency, without additional support.
Note: To make calculations and understanding easier, we have standardized the units of measurement by converting feet to inches, and meters and millimeters to centimeters.
Installation Height
It is recommended that the window not be installed more than 150 cm (4 ft. 11 in.) above the floor.
If the window is installed higher, a piece of furniture securely fastened to the wall must be provided to facilitate evacuation (e.g., for a child).
Window Wells or Light Wells
- Ensure a clearance of at least 30 in. (76 cm) in front of the window.
- The opening mechanism or the use of the sash must not reduce this clearance.
- If a cover or enclosure is installed over the window well, it must be able to be opened from the inside without a key, tools, or special knowledge.
How to Verify Your Window’s Compliance
- Measure the width and height of the clear opening, free of any obstructions (not the window frame).
- Multiply the height by the width.
- The result obtained represents the opening area; it must be equal to or greater than 543 sq. in. (3,500 cm²), and each dimension must be at least 15 in. (38 cm).
Dimension Examples
Practical Information
- Your municipality may have stricter requirements than the National Building Code. Check with your municipality before undertaking any work.
- In the case of new construction, basement windows are not necessarily required to comply with the Egress Standard if no bedroom is included in the plans. Inform your architect if you plan to create a bedroom in the basement in the future.
- A home equipped with windows that comply with the Egress Standard may have a higher resale value.
Disclaimer
The information contained in this document is intended as general guidance only. Please consult the person responsible for issuing your construction or renovation permit.
Source : Quebec Construction Code 2015 — Chapter I, Building, Section 9.9.10
Sortie d’évacuation de chambres. Hauteur d’installation recommandée : Note A-9.9.10.1.
Do you have questions about your specific situation? Feel free to discuss them with us during your next inspection.














